Activación inmunológica crónica en la patogénesis de la enfermedad por virus de inmunodeficiencia humana

Autores/as

  • Henry Chinhong Chan Cheng Universidad de Costa Rica
  • Silvia Leticia Monge Rodríguez Universidad de Costa Rica
  • María del Rosario Espinoza Mora Universidad de Costa Rica

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51481/amc.v59i1.947

Palabras clave:

VIH, activación inmunológica, inflamación crónica, inmunidad virus-específica

Resumen

Justificación y objetivo: el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana induce una activación inmune crónica que lleva a la progresión de la enfermedad por VIH. Estudios en primates han demostrado que el desarrollo de una infección retroviral patológica está determinada tanto por la respuesta del sistema inmunitario al virus, como por sus propiedades citopáticas. Esta revisión pretende resumir los conocimientos actuales acerca de los principales mecanismos envueltos en la activación inmune crónica durante la infección por VIH y sus repercusiones en la inmunidad virus-específica.

Metodología: las referencias bibliográficas se obtuvieron en la base de datos PubMed. Se incluyeron todos los artículos publicados en lengua inglesa entre 1990 y 2016, hallados bajo las palabras clave “immunopathology and hiv“ e “immune activation and hiv“.

Revisión: se discute la influencia de la inflamación persistente sobre el establecimiento de la enfermedad por VIH y la generación de condiciones patológicas no relacionadas con la infección. Tratamientos dirigidos a modular la inflamación podrían retardar el progreso de la enfermedad y reducir los daños colaterales de la estimulación inmunológica inducida por VIH.

Conclusión: la evidencia parece indicar que la activación inmune crónica es la principal causa de la depleción de células T CD4+, la pérdida de inmunidad específica contra el virus y el establecimiento de enfermedades no relacionadas directamente con la infección viral en pacientes que reciben terapia antiretroviral.

 

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2017-02-01 — Actualizado el 2017-02-02

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Cheng, H. C. C., Rodríguez, S. L. M., & Mora, M. del R. E. (2017). Activación inmunológica crónica en la patogénesis de la enfermedad por virus de inmunodeficiencia humana. Acta Médica Costarricense, 59(1), 7–14. https://doi.org/10.51481/amc.v59i1.947 (Original work published 1 de febrero de 2017)