Tipificación molecular de los antígenos leucocitarios humanos, Estado del arte y perspectivas para los transplantes de células madre en Costa Rica

Autores/as

  • Esteban Arrieta Bolaños Universidad de Costa Rica
  • Lizbeth Salazar Sánchez Universidad de Costa Rica

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51481/amc.v52i1.545

Palabras clave:

antígenos HLA, prueba de histocompatibilidad, células madre hematopoyéticas, bancos de donantes, Costa Rica

Resumen

 El sistema de antígenos leucocitarios (Human Leukocyte Antigen) es el más polimórfico en el ser humano. Su función la realiza regulando la respuesta inmune mediante su unión a moléculas como el receptor de células T, participando en la presentación de antígenos y el reconocimiento de lo propio en el organismo. Su papel central en la respuesta inmune así como su polimorfismo convierten a estos genes en un factor fundamental en la terapia con trasplantes, siendo su importancia máxima en los trasplantes de células progenitoras hematopoyéticas. Consecuentemente, la tipificación de estos antígenos en los estudios de compatibilidad ha sido desarrollada de manera paralela y en las últimas décadas se ha avanzado grandemente en su comprensión y caracterización. Varias metodologías moleculares son las que predominan actualmente para la tipificación de los antígenos de histocompatibilidad leucocitarios. La información obtenida de estas caracterizaciones ha permitido la aparición de bancos de donantes de células madre y unidades de cordón umbilical, los cuales amplían la probabilidad de encontrar un donador compatible para el paciente. Los programas de trasplante de células madre hematopoyéticas en nuestro país requieren de un avance en las tecnologías disponibles para tipificación de estas moléculas, así como de la instauración de un registro nacional de donantes basado en su tipificación molecular. El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo presentar el estado del conocimiento actual sobre los antígenos leucocitarios humanos, su genética, su tipificación, sus utilidades y protocolos a seguir en la tecnología de los trasplantes de células madre.

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Publicado

2010-01-01

Cómo citar

Arrieta Bolaños, E., & Salazar Sánchez, L. (2010). Tipificación molecular de los antígenos leucocitarios humanos, Estado del arte y perspectivas para los transplantes de células madre en Costa Rica. Acta Médica Costarricense, 52(1), 8–15. https://doi.org/10.51481/amc.v52i1.545