Estado actual de la vacuna conjugada contra Streptococcus Pneumoniae

Autores/as

  • Hernán Sierra Fernández Instituto de Atención Pediátrica
  • Malka Shultz Faingezicht Instituto de Atención Pediátrica
  • Carolina Soley Gutiérrez Instituto de Atención Pediátrica
  • Silvia Guevara Jiménez Instituto de Atención Pediátrica
  • Adriano Arguedas Mhos Universidad de Ciencias Médicas

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51481/amc.v48i2.243

Palabras clave:

S. pneumoniae, enfermedad invasora, vacuna conjugada

Resumen

Las infecciones por Streptococcus pneumoniae son frecuentes en la población pediátrica especialmente en los niños menores de 2 años. El S. pneumoniae puede producir infecciones invasoras con una alta tasa de mortalidad y morbilidad como lo son las meningitis bacterianas, la neumonía y bacteremias siendo a la vez el agente que con mayor frecuencia se detecta en el oído medio de niños con otitis media. En la actualidad existe una vacuna conjugada contra esta bacteria que protege contra los siete serotipos de S. pneumoniae más frecuentes en el mundo y que a su vez son los mismos serotipos que presentan una mayor incidencia de resistencia a los antibioticos de uso frecuente. La vacuna no solo protege contra este tipo de infecciones sino que se ha demostrado que disminuye la colonización nasofaringea de los niños que han recibido la vacuna produciendo a su vez, una reducción en el numero de infecciones, por esta bacteria, en poblaciones de personas mayores de 5 años, incluyendo adultos y personas mayores a los 65 años (efecto rebaño). Con base en los serotipos aislados en niños costarricenses con otitis media, se puede calcular que la cobertura de esta vacuna en Costa Rica sería de aproximadamente un 74% e incluyendo mayoritariamente, los serotipos que presentan resistencia antimicrobriana más frecuentemente.

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Publicado

2006-04-01

Cómo citar

Sierra Fernández, H., Shultz Faingezicht, M., Soley Gutiérrez, C., Guevara Jiménez, S., & Arguedas Mhos, A. (2006). Estado actual de la vacuna conjugada contra Streptococcus Pneumoniae. Acta Médica Costarricense, 48(2), 66–71. https://doi.org/10.51481/amc.v48i2.243

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